Introduction
 Theses
    Introduction
    Warm healted
    Cool sea - cool winter
    What counts
    Polar air everywhere
    Ice invaded Norway
    Baltic experiment
    Solid Arctic axis
    Four decades cold
    Why Britain cold
    Cause for warm
    Spreading of warming
    One rise - two shifts
 Cooling Europe 1939
 Climate down 1939-42
 Sea War turn climate
 Big Warming 1918
 Climate change twice
 References
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Theses 5B

Thesis    Facts    Evidence    Conclusion   
 

Spitsbergen warming 1918 has a source

 

Thesis

A sudden increase in global warming does not come ‘out of the blue’. The closer the region or location has been identified where the warming started and was presumably maintained, the closer one gets to identify the source. Once the time and place have been located, it might come to the point when inevitably the cause must be identified. Respectively, a shift in the burden of proof occurs. Those who claim ‘general natural variation’ should proof their claim. The sudden big warming at Spitsbergen 1918 is such a case.

 

Facts

It is a widely acknowledged fact that the global warming accelerated during the 1920s and 1930s. It is not disputed that the warming occurred ‘in or close’ to the Arctic region. The Norwegian scientist B. J. Birkeland established in 1930 that the air temperatures at Spitsbergen suddenly deviated so much from average means that he concluded: ‘these high figures are probably the greatest yet known on earth’. This investigation confirms that the warming actually occurred to a very pronounced extent at Spitsbergen, and establishes very exactly the time range: from summer 1918 to January 1919.

The winter air temperatures at Spitsbergen changed within a year’s time by +8°C. There was no volcano, no earthquake, no tsunami, and no meteorite, on any noticeable scale. There was only a devastation sea war waged just about 2000 kilometres south of Spitsbergen. The war at sea reached its most destructive phase in 1917/18 only few months before the Big Warming at Spitsbergen occurred.

Alone in 1917 German U-boats sunk about 4,000 vessels with a capacity of six million tons; several hundred naval vessels were sent to the sea bottom; more than 100,000 sea mines were laid; 1,000 mine sweepers were in permanent operation; submarines were depth charged many thousand times; and naval vessels were shelling each other numerous times. One war at sea years alone represents already a mighty force, able to turn huge sea areas ‘up-side-down’. The war at sea during WWI is the most likely cause that changed the Northern Hemisphere climate for two decades.

 

Evidence

As the big warming at Spitsbergen must have been due to a major shift in the ocean waters close to the island, the only available, sufficient and closely related cause is the war at sea in Western European waters.

 

Conclusion and further reading

The highly probable causation of Spitsbergen’s warming becomes even more evident by the proof that the war at sea caused harsh war winters during WW I, and WW II, and that also the four decade global cooling from 1940 to the end of the 1970s was presumably initiated by naval combats and activities all over the North Atlantic and Pacific for several years. Spitsbergen heats up (5_12), and War at sea 1914-18 (5_13), and Sea mines 1914-18 (5_14), and Winter 1939-40 (2_11).

 


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